Effects Of Obesity On The United States There Are Many...

Cause/Effect Paper Draft In the United States there are many excuses for the obesity. Many of these reasons include being tired from a long day at work, having lots of house work to do, the kids have one or more activities they may need help with, or there are 101 errands to run on top of the other to do list that already needs completed. Where these are all legitimate reasons for not exercising at that moment or may be a reason for needing to grab a quick meal, they aren’t necessarily excuses for being obese. Some people may have problems that do allow them to have a justifiable reason on why they are overweight, for example some medical problems don’t allow all people to lose weight, and in some way it is probably not healthy for†¦show more content†¦The availability of these restaurants and the willingness to consume food from them is allowing our bodies to ingest one major ingredient that is poorly absorbed in our bodies, and that is trans fats. Trans fats, properly known as trans fatty acids are an unsaturated fatty acid found in some vegetable oils (Merrium-Webster, 2015). These trans fatty acids are found in fast food, biscuits, cakes, frozen pizza, and microwave popcorn among many other commonly consumed foods. Fast food restaurants use these trans fatty acids with other oils to deep fry food that allows food to â€Å"taste good† or be more desirable. These trans fats are thought to generate a higher amount of stomach and abdominal fat and are also known to raise LDL cholesterol and cause additional health problems (Astrup, Dyerberg, Selleck, Stender, 2008). Another leading cause of poor nutrition in the United States is portion size. Portion sizes vary all over the world and even from our homes to the restaurant. The bigger the portion size the more people feel like they have to eat. This feeling causes them to eat more than they need to be fulfilled and more calories consumed than needed for the body to run. Generally if people don’t eat all of their food they feel like they are being wasteful and they continue to eat even after they are full (Astrup, Dyerberg, Selleck, Stender, 2008). One major problem with this is the amount of food being consumed. People have to be able to know

Witches Role in Macbeth - 2482 Words

Most people in Shakespeare time believed in the powers of witches, and witchcraft became the object of morbid and fevered fascination. Between 1560 and 1605 hundreds of people (mainly women) were convicted as witches and executed. Witches were credited with diabolical powers. They could predict the future, bring on night in daytime, cause fogs and tempests and kill animals. They cursed animals with fatal wasting disease and could raise evil spirits by concocting a horrible brew with nauseating ingredients. It was believed witches allowed the devil to suck their blood in return for a familiar (an animal used as an evil servant). Accused witches were examined for the devils mark, a red mark on their body from where Satan had sucked their†¦show more content†¦Following the murder of Duncan, Macbeth realises that the murder has put him into the control of demon forces which are the enemy of mankind. At the beginning of the play we are shown that the Elizabethans strongly believe in God. After Macbeth has killed Duncan he makes several holy references. Elizabethan audiences believed in the divine right of kings. This is the belief that the kings is a special person and has been appointed by God. As did James I and Shakespeare, most people believed in the divine right of kings, so killing a king would be worse than a normal murder. People thought that if God had been upset then he would cause other tragic events to take place. This is why the audience would have been expecting the dreadful events following the death of King Duncan. Shakespeare mentions how the town had become panic stricken, and how there had been weird goings on. ha, good father, thou seest the heavens, as troubled with mans act, threatens his bloody stage. In Act 2 scene 4, Ross and an old man exchange views on the darkness and unnaturalness of the events that mirror Duncans murder. Duncans horses, beauteous and swift, turned wild in nature, contending gainst obedience. The two men discuss how they have seen with their own eyes, the sun being obscured, owls killin g falcons and Duncans horses eating each other. These misconducts would not have surprise the audience, but confirmed their beliefs. The way theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of The Witches In Macbeth735 Words   |  3 Pages In the play Macbeth the three witches managed to change the future to what they had predicted. Other types of fantasy also played a role in making the tragic ending. These sorts of witchcraft or in other words magic made the play what it is and conveyed character such as Macbeth to do and think of certain things. The witches played a huge role in the story of Macbeth and made him become who he ends up as. Macbeth was a very honorable knight that served king Duncan till his last breath. He didRead MoreThe Role Of The Witches In Macbeth1395 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth is told his prophecy by the three witches, mysterious, secretive creatures, who we are left to develop our own vision of. Witches are known to represent evil, envy, and are always the villains of the story. In this novel, they are illustrated very similarly. In the beginning of the story, we learn that the witches are somehow associated with the weather, can cast spells, and like to take revenge. Macbeth pays the witches a visit to ask for hisRead MoreRole of the Witches in Macbeth1040 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play about morals and how people can be easily influenced. The audience at the time when the play was written were more superstitious than we are. They believed in witches and thought that they were the devils disciples. They were believed to be able to control the weather, blamed many things, such as outbreaks of disease on them. The first people to meet the Witches are Banquo and Macbeth. They find the witches appearance is vile. We can see this as Banquo says that â€Å"(they) look notRead More Roles of the Witches in Macbeth Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roles of the Witches in the Play Macbeth In this essay I will look at the role of the three witches and the influence they have on many of the central characters within Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. I will begin by outlining how the audience would have viewed the appearance of the witches on stage, and move on to show how Shakespeare used language to make them into a mystical yet strong presence. In Jacobean England, when Macbeth was first staged, the audience would have had a veryRead MoreThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth In the play, Shakespeare used the witches to represent the supernatural, evil, a destructive force and an inversion of natural order. 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In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth there are such beings, more specifically witches, who have many paranormal capabilitiesRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Role of the Witches1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth  Ã‚   When Shakespeare wrote his play, Macbeth in 1606 a large majority of people were interested in witchcraft. This is why Shakespeare made the witches and the witches’ prophecies play a major part in the storyline of the play. In the time of Macbeth witches were not thought to be supernatural beings themselves, but supposedly gained their powers by selling their souls to Satan. There can be little doubt that most of Shakespeare’s audience would have believedRead More The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth688 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth MacBeth by William Shakespeare is a play which shows the uprise of MacBeth, the treachery and his eventual downfall. Witchcraft plays a major part in MacBeths actions and his weak character is easily manipulated. Although being an honest and brave man earlier, his ambition clouds his judgement. His life is tragic and through some terrible deeds ends in catastrophe. MacBeth is Thane of Glamis and a highly honorable and respectedRead MoreThe Roles of Witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roles of Witches in William Shakespeares Macbeth In the Elizabethan times, the people believed in witches and witchcraft. They were described as ugly and evil. Nowadays the people would not believe in them. The people in the Elizabethan times would be very scared of witches. This was equivalent to the people of nowadays being frightened about terrorists. The people thought that they were powerful beings. They thought that they would cast spells on them; they thoughtRead MoreThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare some time between 1603 and 1606 and is set in Scotland around 1040. The time it was written coincides with the reign of King James the First of England. King James showed a great interest in witches and powers of the supernatural and Macbeth was arguably written to impress the king in what were violent times. Shakespeare used witches as pivotal characters to create

Implement Server Virtualisation Sustainable ICT System - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Implement Server Virtualisation for Sustainable ICT System. Answer: Evaluation of the new network structure for virtualisation suitability Virtualization is the way toward making a product based (or virtual) representation of an option that is as opposed to a physical one. Virtualization can apply to applications, servers, stockpiling, and organizes and is the absolute best approach to lessen the IT costs of DEALS while boosting effectiveness and spryness. The present system foundation of DEALS is tested by the restrictions of today's x86 servers, which are intended to run only one working framework and application at once. Therefore, even little server farms in the DEALS need to convey numerous servers, each working at only 5 to 15 percent of limit exceptionally wasteful by any standard. Virtualization utilizes programming to reproduce the presence of equipment and make a virtual PC framework (Bittman et al. 2013). Doing this will permit DEALS to run more than one virtual framework and different working frameworks and applications on a solitary server. This can give economies of scale and more noteworthy effectiveness. In phase one of the DEALS network infrastructure setup, there will be implementation of two Domain controllers with all policy requirements along with the required network folder structures and access controls. Hence, the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) can be virtualized as Windows Server 2012 gives more noteworthy backing to virtualizing space controllers by presenting virtualization-safe abilities and empowering quick sending of virtual area controllers through cloning. These new virtualization highlights give more prominent backing to open and private mists, cross breed situations where parts of AD DS exist on-premises and in the cloud, and AD DS bases that dwell totally on-premises (Jin et al. 2013). Promotion DS replication utilizes InvocationID and USNs on every space controller to figure out what changes should be duplicated to other area controllers. In the event that a space controller is moved back in time outside of the area controller's mindfulness and a USN is reused for an altogether diverse exchange, replication will not join in light of the fact that other area controllers will trust they have officially gotten the redesigns connected with the re-utilized USN under the setting of that InvocationID. In phase two, of the DEALS network infrastructure setup it has been identified that in future the organization will implement an in-house web server to host the companies proposed web site. Hence, there is a requirement to virtualize the Web server as it conveys the capacity to scale up or down equipment with practically zero downtime (Haitao 2012). Additionally, virtualized Web servers can be moved between physical hosts when upkeep is required. Past that, assets can be burden adjusted over a pool of physical hosts at a level that is more effective than basic Web activity load adjusting. With some watchful arranging and benchmarking, you can give your clients an adaptable, very accessible Web framework. A Web server's execution is most affected by the CPU and memory execution (Lv et al. 2012). A Web server creates less circle I/O than a database server does. The CPU and memory are particularly vital if there is any server-side scripting occurring on the Web server. Recommendation for using virtual technology Recommendation for Hypervisor and management software Hyper-V 3.0: It is included with Windows Server 2012 and is flexible enough to be used by the servers that will be installed in the new network infrastructure of DEALS. Two main improvements to Hyper-V make it practical to use on commodity hardware. The first and most important of these improvements is that Hyper-V 3.0 clusters do not require you to use shared storage. Hyper-V 3.0 greatly decreases the cost of clustering by not requiring that you use shared storage (Uddin and Rahman 2012). Each server in the cluster can have its own direct-attached storage (DAS). Microsoft has also relaxed the hardware requirements for cluster nodes to the point where you can use just about any server capable of running Windows Server 2012. The Cluster Configuration Wizard can tell you whether your server meets the minimum clustering requirements. Another reason clustering has traditionally been so expensive is because in the past you needed a minimum of three cluster nodes running matched hardware ( Bazargan, Yeun and Zemerly 2012). Hyper-V clusters still require that you have at least three nodes (or two nodes and a file share witness), but the hardware no longer has to match. Microsoft designed Hyper-V 3.0 to be much more forgiving in terms of its ability to run on low-end hardware. Windows Management Framework 4.0: It makes redesigned administration usefulness accessible for establishment on Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, and Windows Server 2012. In spite of the fact that this product cannot be introduced on Windows 8, you can overhaul Windows 8 to Windows 8.1 to get the usefulness gave by this product, including Windows PowerShell 4.0 (Cohen et al. 2013). This software can be used for the new network infrastructure of DEALS as it offers: Windows PowerShell 4.0 Support for work process and remote script investigating Improved work process composing knowledge to make it more predictable with script creating Several bug fixes and execution changes Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment Support for Windows PowerShell Workflow investigating Support for remote script investigating IntelliSense support for Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration assets and setups Windows PowerShell Web Services: Windows PowerShell Web Services (Management OData IIS Extension) empowers a director to uncover an arrangement of Windows PowerShell cmdlets as a RESTful web endpoint available by utilizing OData (Open Data Protocol) (Ameen and Hamo 2013). This gives remote access to run cmdlets from both Windows-based and non-Windows-based customer PCs. Recommendation considering the current and future needs of the client There are certain issues relating to hypervisor for which the security recommendations in context to DEALS network infrastructure setup are presented as below: 1. The proportion of the joined arranged memory of all VMs to the RAM memory of the virtualized host ought not to be high (Shah 2013). A common proportion received is 1.5:1. As such if a virtualized host has 64GB of RAM, then the joined arranged memory of all VMs running on it ought not to surpass 96 GB. 2. The hypervisor ought to have setup alternatives accessible to determine an ensured physical RAM for each VM (that requires it) alongside a farthest point to this quality, and to indicate a need esteem for acquiring the required RAM asset in circumstances of dispute among various VMs. 3. The quantity of virtual CPUs distributed to any VM sent ought to be entirely not exactly the aggregate number of centers in the hypervisor host (Obasuyi and Sari 2015). 4. The hypervisor ought to give components to determine a lower and upper headed for CPU clock cycles required for each conveyed VM and in addition an element to indicate a need score for each VM, to encourage booking in circumstances of conflict for CPU assets from different VMs. 5. The VM picture library ought to live outside of the hypervisor host ought to have strict access control and each of the pictures looked at from the library ought to have an advanced mark appended to it as a characteristic of realness and uprightness (Pogarcic, Krnjak and Ozanic 2012). Identification of changes in hardware, software or infrastructure components The hardware specifications that are required for Server Virtualization have been presented as below: Processors: Up to two single-core 64-bit Intel Xeon processors at up to 3.8GHz or up to two dual-core 64-bit Intel Xeon processors at 2.8GHz Front side bus: 800MHz Cache: Up to 2MB L2 per processor core Chipset: Intel E7520 Memory: 256MB/12GB DDR-2 400 SDRAM; 16GB with availability of dual rank 4GB DIMMS1 I/O channels: Seven total: two PCI Express slots (1 x 4 lane and 1 x 8 lane); four PCI-X slots (64-bit/133MHz); one PCI slot (32-bit/33MHz, 5v) Drive controller: Embedded dual channel Ultra320 SCSI RAID controller: Optional dual channel ROMB (PERC 4/Di), PERC 4/DC and PERC 4e/DC Drive bays: Eight 1" + Two 1" Ultra320 hot-plug SCSI drives with internal tape drive support Maximum internal storage: Up to 1.46TB or up to 3TB with availability of 300GB hard drive Hard drives: 2 36GB, 73GB, 146GB and 300GB (10,000 rpm) Ultra320 SCSI 18GB, 36GB, 73GB and 146GB (15,000 rpm) Ultra320 SCSI Internal storage: 10K/15K RPM SCSI drives Network interface card: Dual embedded Intel 10/100/1000 Gigabit3 NIC, Intel PRO/1000 MT Gigabit NIC (copper), Intel PRO/1000 MF Gigabit NIC (fibre) Video: Embedded ATI Radeon 7000-M with 16MB SDRAM Remote management: Baseboard Management Controller with IPMI 1.5 compliance, accessible via network or serial port; optional slot-free DRAC 4/I Systems management: Dell OpenManage Recommendation for the specifications of physical servers Benefits from virtualisation of servers Server virtualization has been a real "game changer" for the datacenter and those who administer and manage it. Hence, the virtualization of servers for DEALS will offer: Server consolidation: By falling physical servers into virtual servers and diminishing the quantity of physical servers, DEALS will procure an enormous reserve funds in force and cooling costs (Morabito, Kjallman and Komu 2015). Furthermore, datacenter impression will be diminished which can incorporate diesel generator costs, UPS costs, system switch costs, rack space and floor space. Stop server sprawl: Before server virtualization, administrators were compelled to over-arrangement servers to guarantee that they would take care of client demand. With server virtualization, there is no more over-provisioning and the Administrators of DEALS will splendidly have the capacity to measure each virtual machine (Cho, Choi and Choi 2013). Cost savings: Not just DEALS will save money on the physical server equipment, influence and cooling of the servers that were united additionally there will be reserve funds on the time it used to take to regulate physical servers (Guo et al. 2014). End clients will be more profitable as there will be less downtime and a great deal more. Increased uptime: Highlights like vMotion, stockpiling vMotion (svMotion), DRS, and VMware high accessibility (VMHA) all outcome in virtualized servers being up and running far beyond those same servers that were running straightforwardly on physical equipment. Image-based backup and restore: By having the capacity to move down and reestablish whole virtual machines, you can considerably more rapidly go down the VMs and set them back, if necessary. In addition, picture level reinforcements make catastrophe recuperation so much less demanding (Sarddar and Bose 2014). Even more, just changed pieces should be went down and reinforcements should be possible amidst the day because of depiction innovation. References Ameen, R.Y. and Hamo, A.Y., 2013. Survey of server virtualization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.3557. Bazargan, F., Yeun, C.Y. and Zemerly, M.J., 2012. State-of-the-art of virtualization, its security threats and deployment models. International Journal for Information Security Research (IJISR), 2(3/4), pp.335-343. Bittman, T.J., Weiss, G.J., Margevicius, M.A. and Dawson, P., 2013. Magic quadrant for x86 server virtualization infrastructure. Gartner, June. Cho, Y., Choi, J. and Choi, J., 2013, August. An integrated management system of virtual resources based on virtualization API and data distribution service. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Cloud and Autonomic Computing Conference (p. 26). ACM. Cohen, A., Krishnamurthi, A., Krishnamurthy, V., Salzmann, F., Allison, D.S. and Tang, C., Xsigo Systems, 2013. Remote Shared Server Peripherals Over an Ethernet Network For Resource Virtualization. U.S. Patent Application 12/544,744. Guo, C., Lv, G., Yang, S. and Wang, J.H., Microsoft Corporation, 2014. Virtual data center allocation with bandwidth guarantees. U.S. Patent 8,667,171. Haitao, Z., 2012. Construction and Application of Virtualization System Using VMware in University Library [J]. New Technology of Library and Information Service, 1, pp.68-72. Jin, Y., Wen, Y., Chen, Q. and Zhu, Z., 2013. An empirical investigation of the impact of server virtualization on energy efficiency for green data center. The Computer Journal, 56(8), pp.977-990. Lv, H., Dong, Y., Duan, J. and Tian, K., 2012, March. Virtualization challenges: a view from server consolidation perspective. In ACM SIGPLAN Notices (Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 15-26). ACM. Morabito, R., Kjallman, J. and Komu, M., 2015, March. Hypervisors vs. lightweight virtualization: a performance comparison. In Cloud Engineering (IC2E), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 386-393). IEEE. Obasuyi, G.C. and Sari, A., 2015. Security Challenges of Virtualization Hypervisors in Virtualized Hardware Environment. International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences, 8(7), p.260. Pogarcic, I., Krnjak, D. and Ozanic, D., 2012. Business Benefits from the Virtualization of an ICT Infrastructure. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4(25), pp.1-8. Sarddar, D. and Bose, R., 2014. Architecture of Server Virtualization Technique Based on VMware ESXI server in the Private Cloud for an Organization. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, ISSN, pp.2351-8014. Shah, Z.H., 2013. Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V: Deploying the Hyper-V Enterprise Server Virtualization Platform. Packt Publishing Ltd. Uddin, M. and Rahman, A.A., 2012. Virtualization implementation model for cost effective efficient data centers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1206.0988.

Operations Management in Hawkesbury Cabinets

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management in Hawkesbury Cabinets. Answer: Introduction: Operation management is very much necessary for developing a technical understanding of operations of any enterprise (Battistoni, et al., 2013). The production system combines resources which flow in a defined system and transform them in a controlled manner to contribute value as per the policies set by management. The production system uses inputs such as men, machines, materials, capital, and information and turns them into outputs in the form of products and services(Malhotra, et al., 2014). This essay will discuss the current production systems and process used by Hawkesbury Cabinets. Also, the effects of the builders kitchen on the operations of Hawkesbury Cabinet will be explored. The essay will also identify the effect of the move to producing builders kitchen will have on the financial structure of the company.The essay will also explore the production system of Hawkeshbury which is going smooth but increasing cost marring the profit margin. Due to lack of proper inventory s ystem, inventory is piled up in the warehouse so the company needs to install a good inventory system. The Current Production Systems and Processes Used by Hawkesbury Hawkesbury Cabinets runs a single manufacturing facility in Mulgrave, where both standard and custom kitchen cabinets are manufactured (Vickery, et al., 2015). High-quality general purpose machines are used for cabinet-making equipment to offer the required flexibility for producing a huge variety of custom designed cabinets. Hawkesbury Cabinets manufacture assemblies or discrete parts in a continuous process and therefore employs mass production system (Hitt, et al., 2016). As the company requires the large volume of production so mass production system is justified for the company. Various types of equipment are grouped together in the layout of the factory(Atasu Subramanian, 2012). Saws and cutting tables are set in one section while routers and shapers are set in another section. Several assembly areas are located strategically in the entire factory. Painting and finishing are done in an environmentally controlled location (Hitt, et al., 2016). The quality of finished products i s maintained in high esteem and demonstrates the quality of materials used and the craftsmanship of the each cabinetmaker. The production process ensures the shorter time of the cycle of production. Hawkesbury cabinet uses mass production system to ease production planning and control process (Battistoni, et al., 2013). The production system used in the company requires less skilled operators and low process inventory as a result manufacturing cost per unit is lesser. The Effect of the New Builders Kitchen Line on Hawkesbury Cabinets Operations With the introduction of builders' line of kitchen, work is done in regular scheduling. But custom kitchens were given priority to builders' line of the kitchen as they accounted for higher profit margins and sale (Adams, et al., 2016). As the production is done on regular scheduling, the scheduled lots of standard cabinet components are lying around the plant in several stages of completion (Frow, et al., 2015). Due to the large volume of work in process, the factory has turned up into congested unlike spacious manufacturing space of customs kitchens. The growth of the company is witnessing a positive line with builders' line of the kitchen (Vickery, et al., 2015). The increased volume of production leads larger sales in custom kitchen segment while builders line is also growing rapidly. The company is operating single manufacturing system. With the large volume of production due to builders kitchen, the company has done major changes in line layout and product design (Malhotra, et al., 2014). Production facilities have been improved to accommodate more inputs for processing. Work in the process of the company has increased in manifold and operation has become slow due to high cycle time. The Effect the Move to Producing Builders Kitchens Might have on the Companys Financial Structure The production of builder's kitchen has improved the production process with the mass production system. High investments were done in production facilities. The risk of the breakdown of one of the machinery increased and as it may stop the entire production line (Crowley-Henry, et al., 2016). Automatic material handling and perfectly balanced production line required the company to keep the system update. The work in progress of the company has increased and the profit margin is not as expected. The cost involved in producing builders' line of the kitchen is increasing (Frow, et al., 2015). More and more amount of work-in-capital is lying in raw material inventory, work in process and finished goods. As per Mohar, et al., the high volume of production has also increased lead times for both custom and standard builders line orders. As a result, promised delivery time is increasing(Mohar, et al., 2016). The company can set up an inventory management system so that time of keeping the inventory and quantity of inventory can be managed. The company can use ABC inventory, where inventory of priority items are kept in large quantity and low priority products are kept differently. The present operation system of the company is taking manufacturing capacity to the limit, and the present layout is not leaving any space for expansion of the business (Crowley-Henry, et al., 2016). The current operation of the company is having a huge impact on the financial structure. Assets are increasing with the rise in work-in-capital. High lead time for production and subsequent late delivery is increased debtor turnover ratio (Adams, et al., 2016). Operating ratio is increasing with high operating expenses which are not favourable for the company. The high operating ratio will lead to less profitability ratio and long-term profit of the company(Vickery, et al., 2015). The financial structure how much equity and debt the company needs to finance its operations. The introduction of builders' line of the kitchen has increased the debt of the company as more and more money required to fund the operations (Frow, et al., 2015). High debt is not recommended for any company as it wi ll lose the interest of investors in the company. As big companies try to maintain their debt ratio in such a manner that debt remains double of equity. According toAtasu Subramanian, the high debt ratio is bad for financial structure of the company as it reflects that company has fewer funds to pay to finance its operations and when the profits are less the fixed interest are hard to pay(Atasu Subramanian, 2012). Conclusion The essay describes the production systems of Hawkesbury Cabinets. The company has started designing and manufacturing of custom kitchen cabinets. With the growth in demand for products and the company has started standard builders' line of the kitchen. The company is manufacturing a limited range of kitchen cabinets in small batches. Batch size of the company also increased from the single kitchen up to five kitchens of same specifications. Under a single manufacturing system, the company is manufacturing both custom and standard builders' kitchen. The company is scheduling the production to cope with higher sales of builders' line of kitchens. Scheduling lots of standard cabinets are consuming space in various sections of the plant. To accommodate the piled inventory, more warehouses were rented and increasing the operational cost of the company. The cost of production of the company has increased. Though the company is growing but profit is less than the expectations. References Adams, R. J., Smart, P. Huff, A. S., 2016. Shades of Grey: Guidelines for Working with the Grey Literature in Systematic Reviews for Management and Organizational Studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 45(6), pp. 52-63. Atasu, A. Subramanian, R., 2012. Extended Producer Responsibility for E-Waste: Individual or Collective Producer Responsibility?. Journal of Production and Operations Management, 21(6), p. 10421059. Battistoni, E., Bonacelli, A., Colladon, A. F. Schiraldi, M. M., 2013. An Analysis of the Effect of Operations Management Practices on Performance. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 5(44), pp. 1-11. Crowley-Henry, M., O' Connor, E. Ariss, A. A., 2016. Portrayal of Skilled Migrants' Careers in Business and Management Studies: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda. European Management Review, 24(6), pp. 452-463. Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A. Storbacka, K., 2015. Managing Co-creation Design: A Strategic Approach to Innovation. British Journal of Management, 26(3), pp. 463-483. Hitt, M. A., Carnes, C. M. Xu, K., 2016. A current view of resource based theory in operations management: A response to Bromiley and Rau. Journal of Operations Management, 41(16), pp. 107-109. Malhotra, M., Singhal, C., Shang, G. Ployhart, R. E., 2014. A critical evaluation of alternative methods and paradigms for conducting mediation analysis in operations management research. Journal of Operations Management,, 32(4), pp. 127-137. Mohar, A. H. A., Abdullah, F. Ho, V. B., 2016. Development and Validations of a Holistic Service Operations Management Instrument. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224(15), pp. 429-436. Vickery, S. K., Koufteros, X., Drge, C. Calantone, R., 2015. Product Modularity, Process Modularity, and New Product Introduction Performance: Does Complexity Matter?. Journal of Production and Operations Management, 25(4), pp. 751-770.

Obedience Essays - Neurosurgery, American Psychologists,

Obedience Psychologists, social scientists and writers have long been interested in the whys of obedience and disobedience; many experiments have been conducted to help in understanding these issues and the influences exerted by outside forces on individuals in their decision making processes. Unthinking obedience can be as dangerous as unthinking rebellion in any society, neither is done with self-reflection as a part of the process; however, care must be used in determining the appropriate time for thoughtful disobedience so that society is not destroyed by the dissention. In a short story by Shirley Jackson entitled The Lottery, reprinted in Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum (382), a fictional New England town is introduced in which all the villagers participate annually in a lottery used to determine which inhabitant is to be stoned to death; performed out of habit, it demonstrates ritualized, unthinking obedience to custom. After the publication of the story in 1948 by the New Yorker, many people objected to the perceived implication that the people of New England or America could be as blindly obedient as the characters in the story to any custom, good or bad. As Erich Fromm observed in Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem (377), disobedience is the first step towards independence and freedom. He noted that human history began in an act of disobedience, that of Adam and Eve`s original sin (378), which set man free to develop and grow. One of his main points is In order to disobey, one must have the courage to be alone, to err and to sin (380). Along with Fromm, Solomon Asch, noted psychologist, asserts in his article, Opinions and Social Pressure (336), that it is most likely the case that a solitary person facing a group espousing a different opinion from his own will go along with the group, even in the face of physical evidence showing the group opinion to be blatantly incorrect, rather than face the disapproval of the group. He noted that having one person disagree with the group frees others to disagree as well, and allows them to have a opinion differing from the individual`s as well as the group`s. Asch insists, Life in society requires consensus as an indispensable condition (342). Without consensus, society could never have come into being; compromise is essential to human relations, without it, anarchy reigns. Later, Stanley Milgram, The Perils of Obedience (343), conducted experiments in obedience on subjects who were exposed to authority figures demanding the injury of other people in the experiment who failed to correctly answer questions asked of them. The subjects answered the demands for mild injury with ready compliance, the demands for stronger measures with protest and compliance, and lethal injury in two ways: protest and refusal or protest and compliance. Most complied. Some subjects later tried to excuse their obedience and place to responsibility on the experimenter, but most admitted responsibility for their own behavior. The majority of the subjects committed unthinking obedience and would likely have killed the person they were instructed to injure had this been a test of intelligence and not one of obedience. From all four: Asch, Fromm, Jackson and Milgram, comes a repeated theme of unthinking obedience, of individuals decisions being controlled by outside influences. In Jacksons The Lottery, the social pressures are apparent in the seemingly innocent banter covering the nervousness of the villagers as they gather on the green to await the drawing of the lottery tickets. Fromms position would suggest that disobedience is necessary for the society of the village in The Lottery to progress and grow: unless and until they are able to break away from unthinking obedience to what he calls authoritarian conscience (379), the village will never be able to evolve into a better society. According to Aschs research, if even one person had been willing to face all the other villagers and point out where their society was going wrong, there might have been a chance that others would have broken out of the mold of unthinking obedience and the end result might have been different in The Lottery, different for the villagers as a group and different for Mrs. Hutchinson as an individual. Milgrams research supports Mrs. Hutchinsons being unable to break away from her unthinking obedience; even as the mob was preparing to stone her, she never said that the villagers were doing wrong, just that she hadnt had a fair chance. Thoughtful, timely disobedience is better than thoughtless obedience, as is demonstrated in all of the foregoing works. Compliance and obedience are necessary for any society to

Statement of Intention Essay Example

Statement of Intention Essay Example Statement of Intention Essay Statement of Intention Essay STATEMENT OF INTENTION. Danny Cronyn. The following persuasive piece will be written in the form of a speech to be presented at a school assembly. Addressing the prompt we conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we think this speech will investigate the colossal impact that societal expectations and stereotypical norms have on a person’s identity and show the true extent to which we subconsciously conform to them. My speech contends that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals. The purpose of my speech is to illustrate how conforming to stereotypes and societal expectations can have a homogenising effect on identity and restrict our capacity to be individuals. I wish to show to my audience how the innate human need to belong is so strong that we subconsciously conform in order to feel a sense of connection and how external factors such as societal norms, stereotypes, rituals and traditions can be defining factors of our identities, even if we do not realise just how much. This will be done through using examples of these factors to which we intuitively conform, such as being clothed, getting presents on Christmas, girls shaving their legs and not picking our nose or farting in public. These examples of things to which we conform to without questioning will display to the audience the magnitude of influence that stereotypes and expectations have on our identity. Writing in the form of a persuasive speech was the best method of communicating my purpose and contention (that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals) to the audience as I am able to use expressive skills such as voice and facial gesture to strengthen and support my arguments and am also able to physically see the audience’s reaction to my piece. The use of a questioning tone and concerned and confused facial gestures will act as visual and physical representations of the tone of my piece and through this, I will push the audience to question their way of life and drive them to see the conformity and error of their homogonised identities. By performing my speech to a live audience, I will be able to play off of audience reaction and cater my tone and intensity according to their mood and response to the issue. My concerned, questioning and confused tone will reflect the way I feel about conformist lifestyle and my strong-worded and assuring language (must, indubitably, alarmed) will push the audience to believe that I have a well developed and highly thought out contention and assure them that being a non-conformist individual is the best way to live their lives. Through contrasting the benefits of uniqueness and individuality with the restricting aspects of conformist living, and along with my strong-worded arguments, I anticipate that the audience will side with me in believing that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals. I have aimed my speech at the ‘common man’ because the everyday person – bland, boring, conformist and easily persuaded – is the perfect candidate for my speech, which will hopefully push them to question their conformity and to embrace their individual identities. It is aimed at them because I believe that these people are blissfully unaware of how their standardised and ‘by-the-book’ lifestyles are negatively impacting on their lives. I wish to show them how embracing individuality could greatly improve the way they feel about themselves and the way in which they live their day-to-day lives. Meaning and my central idea will be conveyed through these contrasting lifestyles and through highlighting the homogenising effect that conforming to stereotypes and expectations has on our individuality and identity. My central idea and contention that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals was inspired by the collection of poems Sometimes Gladness by Bruce Dawe, in hich it is proposed that belonging to society shapes our identity, but in doing so, also has a homogenising effect and that the rituals and traditions of the society of which we are a part, also shape us. I agree with this idea and believe that being conformist and homogenised beings is a negative thing, that we don’t question societal norms, expectations and stereotypes nearly enough, we merely accept them without even considering the possibility that th ey could be wrong and that rituals and traditions of our culture shape us more than we notice. These key ideas (‘belonging to society shapes our identity, but in doing so, also has a homogenising effect’ and ‘the rituals and traditions of the society of which we are a part shape us’), which are presented in the poems â€Å"Enter Without So Much As Knocking† and â€Å"Condolences of the Season† are the concepts which influences my central idea that we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals. In the poem â€Å"Enter Without So Much AS Knocking† the idea that belonging to society shapes our identity, but also has a homogenising effect is explored through showing the life cycle of a person from birth to death and how he conformed to societal norms his entire life. Through showing how we conform to day-to-day commands and norms such as â€Å"WALK. DON’T WALK. TURN LEFT†¦NO BREATHING EXCEPT BY ORDER. BEWARE OF THIS. WATCH OUT FOR THAT†, Dawe shows the homogenising effect that conformist lifestyle has on people and the ways in which they conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we realise. In â€Å"Condolences of the Season† Bruce Dawe shows how our identity is like a kit, a puzzle to be put together. He shows the ways in which rituals, family and other external factors shape our identity through showing generations of a family pointing our similarities in a small child at a family gathering. These features will be reflected in my speech when I talk about how external factors such as family traditions and rituals (presents on Christmas) and societal expectations (wearing clothing) influence our identity greatly, sometimes without us even realising. The structural element of beginning and ending a piece with a near identical statement which is shown in â€Å"Enter Without So Much AS Knocking† and Soliloquy For One Dead† will be reflected in my piece by beginning and ending my speech with my contention (we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals) to show a distinct beginning and ending to my piece and also to reinforce the contention. I want my contention to be the first thing that the audience hears when they come in and the last thing they hear when they leave so that it stick in their mind and is someth ing they are forever considering. Another structural element from Dawe’s poems that I will include is metaphor. Metaphor is shown in â€Å"The Tackle Box† through the use of a hook to be symbolic of/a metaphor for the pain that a father inflicted on his family. I will use the metaphor of sheep in my speech to represent how people flock together much like sheep and simply follow what the majority are doing without question. This metaphoric comparison between human beings and sheep (an animal) will push the audience to look unfavourably upon their conformist actions and sway them to make individual choices. My speech supports the prompt (we conform to stereotypes and expectations far more than we think) by showing the ways in which we conform to societal expectations with no questioning as to why, we simply just do it. My speech takes the prompt and presents the idea that social norms, stereotypes and expectations have a immense impact on identity formation and shows the ways in which we simply accept what the majority and masses do as ‘the norm’ and conform to said norm without even thinking twice about it and that in doing this, we limit our ability to be individuals.

Information technology for Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information technology for Management - Essay Example In addition, web based tools allow recruitment managers to engage potential candidates through collaboration and communication tools. In the case of job seekers, the candidate solutions allow candidates to construct an online profile that captures all basic information of a candidate and stores them in its database. All data is indexed so as to facilitate recruiters to obtain the set of requisite candidates based on desired selection criteria. Candidates can further use this profile to apply for multiple jobs without having to construct a new profile, thus reducing the time required to seek a job position. Resumix charges a small administrative fee for allowing both the recruiters as well as the job seekers to post their requirements through requisite subscription offers. The web portal derives additional revenue from the provision of analytics that allows customers to generate reports using quantitative information within their profiles. It further allows companies to synchronize the job postings with their internal job databases irrespective of the technologies involved. By the provision of automation, all such postings at different ends are updated on a regular

Literature - I stand here ironing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature - I stand here ironing - Essay Example As mother goes back to fetch her past life, we as readers get a glimpse of Emily’s childhood. There are few intrusions that bring her back to the present like "I put the iron down" (p. 12); "Ronnie is calling. He is wet and I change him" (p. 17); "She is coming.† (p. 19). But this journey of recollection ends on a positive note, â€Å"At the end she comes to understand that shed done the best she could, given the circumstances—but this simple insight, and her journey toward it, are quietly devastating.† (Disher, 2001: 91) Emily is a nineteen year old in the present. She is confident woman and has found the art of self-expression through mime. But occasionally she can behave erratically and her sense of self-worth gets dented. That is when she wants to be assured of her beauty and her attractiveness. Emily would insist on being told, "over and over how beautiful she had been--and would be, I would tell her--and was now, to the seeing eye. But the seeing eyes were few or non-existent. Including mine" (p. 10). That was when her alienation, her isolation and her mother’s helplessness and guilt became obvious and grew more intense: "the unsureness, the having to be conscious of words before you speak, the constant caring--what are they thinking of me? . . ." (p. 17). But Emily has found self-worth, expression and confidence as a skilled performer of pantomime. As happy as her mother is of her achievement, it cannot acquit her completely. She is still haunted by her own past, by her pained alienation from a daughter for few months, and by Emily’s failure to adjust in the new family. Emily’s counselor insists she ‘needs help’ but her mother acknowledges Emily’s skill as a mime artist and knows that she has found an inner strength through this art. The counselor is possibly worried about Emily’s alienation and isolation. Her mother goes

Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Assessment - Essay Example The purpose of assignment is to make the learners execute the skills learned in the class on a particular case assigned to them by the teacher. Assignments may be individual or be group assignments depending upon the complexity of the tasks and the resources required to achieve them. Group projects are usually more complicated tasks that are achieved by the students in supervision of the teacher. Class tests and final exam are part of the process and they tend to assess the skills gained by the learners till those respective points in time. I would use quizzes, viva, and individual assignments to develop the skills of my learners individually and use group projects to develop their interpersonal skills. â€Å"The primary goal is to choose a method which most effectively assesses the objectives of the unit of study† (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). In these group projects, learners will be expected to learn about the various types of health and beauty salons, the different kinds of beauty treatments that these salons offer, and the services of hairdressing in the form of a completed advertisement poster, booklet, or worksheet. The strength of quizzes is that they encourage students to pay attention to the lecture all the time. The limitation is that students require close supervision for the assessment to be fair. The strength of assignments is that they provide the learners with an opportunity to demonstrate their skills individually on a particular case. The limitation is that students may copy one another’s work especially when the same assignment has been given to all. Group projects may be used to develop interpersonal skills in the learners so that they are able to work in the professional life as part of a team. Coordination among the workers in a health and beauty salon is very important because many clients are delivered services by a group of professional workers, some doing the hair while others applying

Drug Screening in Government Assistance Programs

Drug Screening in Government Assistance Programs The United States Federal Government Should Initiate Drug Screening For Citizens Who Seek Government Assistance. Negative Strategy # 1 As Pollack, Danziger, Jayakody Seefeldt (2002) affirm, initiating involuntary dug screening for all citizens seeking government assistance is definitely costly. The purchase of modern drug screening equipment in numbers that will be able to screen all people who apply for welfare programs, especially with the large population of America, would certainly be an expensive exercise. In addition, like any other machine, the drug screen equipment will require regular servicing and maintenance, which require more resources at close intervals. It is equally undoubted that in order for the screening programs to be successful, medical professionals and technological professionals will need to take part. This implies that a competent staff that comprises of specialists in all relevant sectors of operation and in appropriate numbers will mandatorily be employed to make the program a success. Apparently, the cost of purchasing the drug screening equipment, maintaining them, and pay for all the i nvolved expenses including the human resources is most likely to exceed the amount of money that the federal government would save on implementing drug screening policy to persons seeking government’s assistance (Pollack et al., 2002). Similar to Pollack et al. (2002), Carey (1998) emphasizes that the implementation of compulsory drug testing policies to citizens who seek for government’s assistance is unnecessary, unjustifiable, and the highest level of misappropriation of taxpayers’ money.The implementation of laws that support mandatory drug screening for people applying for government assistance is unnecessary and misappropriation of taxpayers’ money Therefore, it unnecessary and unjustifiable that the federal government engages in a more expensive program with intentions to save taxpayers’ money, as the implementation of the drug screening program will cost a lot more of the taxpayers’ money than the welfare programs as they currently are (before the implementation of the policy). Fielding, Long, Imam, Tye Ogawa (2002) further states that initiating drug screen for all citizens seeking government’s assistance is likely to have very little (negligible) or even no effect on the prevalence of drug abuse in the country. According to Fielding et al. (2002), a majority of people who are financially vulnerable in the United States are not drug addicts. The cost of drugs in the country is relatively expensive for many people belonging to poor population, especially with the high tax rates that the government has implemented on drugs over subsequent years. They also notes that it is much more reasonable for the Federal government to determine the prevalence drug use in the country by assessing people based in their ages rather than income, as a majority of drug users fall within the productive ages of between 16 and 40 years (Fielding et al., 2002). Hence, the implementation of drug screening policy, which only demands for mandatory drug testing among the econo mically vulnerable, is likely play an insignificant role in controlling drug use in the country. Referring to Guthrie (1990), the implementation of the mandatory drug screening initiative for persons participating in welfare programs is unconstitutional and a violation of people rights to privacy and freedom to make personal choices. With the drug screening policy requiring that all people needing government assistance must be tested for all sorts of drugs including alcohol and tobacco before they can be eligible for the assistance, it is clear that the implementation of the policy will breach the law, especially with the fact that alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs in the United States. Provided one has attained the required age, he or she has the right use drugs that are legal for whichever reasons. Thus, it is unconstitutional and discriminative for the Federal government to deny law-abiding citizens the right to use legal drugs just because they are financially vulnerable and requires assistance from government-sponsored welfare programs. Negative strategy # 1 Rather than implementing mandatory drug screening policy to all citizens who apply for welfare programs, the government should support awareness creation programs that will discourage all members of the society to desist from drug abuse (DiNardo, 1994). The government should support school-based programs that aim at educating students in all levels of education ranging from elementary, secondary, middle-level colleges, to universities on the dangers of drug use. The government should equally use the mainstream media to run campaigns that discourage drug use while at the same time limit the campaigns on the same media that promote drug use. The federal government should equally compel all drug manufacturers to include cautionary or warning messages on the packages of their products to educate consumers on the negative effects of the drugs they are using. Through the creation of consciousness on the need to shun drug use, it is clear that many people will develop an internal motivation to stop drug abuse rather than being compelled to stop using drugs because one is financially vulnerable. As Pavetti, Olson, Nightingale, Duke Isaacs (1997) points out, drug addiction is like a chronic disease and one hardly, whether willingly or unwillingly, stop the practice overnight. Stopping drug use is a gradual process, and drug addicts need to be taken through comprehensive behavior change programs that may take up to one or two years. Based on that, the Federal government should construct more rehabilitation facilities and equip them with the necessary human resources and machinery with which to support drug addicts to stop unproductive drug use; instead of implementing the dictatorial and illegal drug testing policy on applicants of government’s assistance. The access to the rehabilitation programs should equally be enhanced, particularly by making them affordable to all people including the economically vulnerable. Using the behavior change programs where professionals take drug addicts through gradual steps in on how to stop the addiction, it is evident that the gover nment is bound to get better results on drug control than implementing the drug policy, which will require people to forcefully, stop drug abuse in order to be eligible for welfare programs (Pavetti et al., 1997). An alternative strategy to implementing the drug screen policy on citizens needing government’s assistance is the formulation and then implementation of strict legislations that govern drug use in the country. As Hora, Schma Rosenthal (1998) support, the use of the legal infrastructure where all people who violate drug laws are punished promptly by the court of law is likely to give better results in the fight against drug use. The legislations should provide a platform on which people who take illicit drugs, those who sell drugs to minors, and those who use drugs inappropriately are surely prosecuted and punished by huge fines and even imprisonment sentences. The federal government should improve surveillance on drug abusers and work with the judicial systems to ensure that all violators of drug laws are held accountable for their actions. Through that, people will shun from the illegal use of drugs, and that will help in controlling the prevalence of drug abuse in the socie ty. References Pollack, H. A., Danziger, S., Jayakody, R., Seefeldt, K. S. (2002). Drug testing welfare recipients—false positives, false negatives, unanticipated opportunities.Womens Health Issues,12(1), 23-31. Fielding, J. E., Long, A. M., Imam, I. J., Tye, G., Ogawa, P. L. (2002). The drug court programs of Los Angeles County: the initial results.A Journal of the Substance Abuse Treatment,23(3), 217-224. Guthrie, P. M. (1990). The Drug Test and Welfare: Taking of the Drug War into Unconstitutional Limits.Ind. LJ,66, 579. Carey, C. A. (1998). Crafting of a challenge to the practice of the drug testing welfare participants: the federal welfare reform, and state response as one of the most recent chapters in the war against drugs.Buff. L. Rev.,46, 281. DiNardo, J. (1994). The critical review of estimates of the specific costs of alcohol and drug usage. InDrug testing in the workplace(pp. 57-76). Springer US. Pavetti, L., Olson, Nightingale, D., Duke, A. E., Isaacs, J. (1997). Welfare-to-Work Options for Families Facing Personal and Family Challenges: Rationale and Program Strategies. Hora, P. F., Schma, W. G., Rosenthal, J. T. (1998). The therapeutic jurisprudence, as well as the drug treatment and court movement: A Revolutionizing of the response system of the criminal justice to drug abuse, and crime in the U.S..Notre Dame L. Rev.,74, 439.

Grapes of Wrath and Its a Wonderful Life :: Economy Great Depression Essays

Grapes of Wrath and It's a Wonderful Life Following the relatively prosperous era nicknamed the "Roaring Twenties" came the Great Depression. Unemployment skyrocketed and good times were hard to be found. In the movie "It's a Wonderful Life" - we see the transformation from stability to utter chaos. With World War I freshly over, there was joy and celebration to welcome American 'boys' coming back home. Huge technological improvements and scientific breakthroughs paved the way for larger, more stable and profitable financial markets. Fast and easy money was too be made by playing the booming stock market - many lay men took advantage of these opportunities without having a complete understanding of what exactly they were doing. This inevitably led to the crash that sent America and the world into the Great Depression. In the movie - we see the first stages of the panic that spread throughout the country. People got scared and ran to the bank to take out their life-savings. What they did not understand was that no bank carries all its customers money at the same time. Profits are made off loans (which come from money kept in the bank by customers) with interest rates. This is what George Bailey tries to explain to the people of Bedford Falls, when they come to take their life-savings out of Baileys Building and Loans. However, not everyone was satisfied with George Bailey's explanation. They much preferred to have hard cash on them, which led some to turn to Mr. Potter (the stereotypical evil character who represents all that is bad), who offered fifty cents for every dollar. This of course allowed Potter to make huge profits out of other peoples loss. George's institution was unable to match Potter, not only because he believed it was unethical, but also because they were not a big and strong enough institution. Realizing this, Potter tried numerous times during the course of the movie to shut down the Buildings and Loans or take it over - to no avail. It was his aim to capture a monopolistic market over Bedford Falls that would allow him to charge any rates he wanted and thereby ensure himself a sufficiently large profit. It would also mean the end of a free market in Bedford Falls. A likely byproduct of a monopoly is feudalism, which could have arisen, given half a chance. It was the Bailey bank that always stood in the way of this happening.

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay

Nursing is an occupation that work with people of all ages, cultural background and lifestyle to help them accomplish the highest level of care possible. They play an important role in society as well as in economy since they are the ones that provide care to people with illness and not capable to take care of themselves. Recent studies demonstrate that population of nurses is declining and hospitals are desperately struggling to keep hold of their current nurses. Shortages in nurses are definitely shocking , given that the evolving population require skilled nurses to take of them throughout their desperate times. A nursing shortage is determined when the amount of nurses being retired and the amount of nurses entering the nursing field is not the equivalent. Nurses educate people to support and sustain their own wellness and to avoid illness. Research studies have shown that majority of US citizen are overweight, and unhealthy. This study demonstrates major cause to promote more to enter nursing field since there are so many diseases on the rise like obesity cause people to have diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pleasure, and other harmful qualities, cancer, heart attacks etc. If rate of nurses keep dropping, patients would have to wait longer to treatment and there will be lot of patients that are being admitted in the hospital. People with severe conditions will have to wait for long time before the nurses can attend them, which could result in either death or other serious condition since most of the operations that saves a person’s life happens in a millisecond. A second can mean life or death to the patient’s existence. Nurse turnover is the description given to nurses that quit, or terminated from nursing industry over the nurses that join it (Huber, 2010). High standards, hard labor, major skills, and high education are various factors that cause nurse turnover to increase over the past few years. This paper will be focusing over the causes of nurse turn over and solution to resolve issue from a leader’s stance than a manager’s point of view. Comparing and Contrasting the Approach of Nursing and Manger Nurses and a supervising manager make up the essence of every nursing association. The manager is in charge and is given the opportunity to make a difference in the work environment. The managers have many goals, including directing, teaching, and encouraging the nurses and staff. By doing this, those under the manager can achieve more on a professional level, while being satisfied with their career. Even though the managers might not have much of a status in certain hospitals and work environments, they still strive to encourage and influence critical settlements. A manager must always be supportive of the nurses and staff. There are some work environments where the managers always provide help and advice. It is very difficult for nurses to stay in the field and work when their manager does not show respect or satisfaction towards their efforts. Thus, the manager must not only be responsible for critical decision making, but the happiness and motivation of the employees. Even though the nurses are in charge of their patients, the manager is the one who overlooks both the patients, nurses, and staff. To be a nursing leader, one must direct the nurses, employees, and other staff members throughout all situations. Their personality must be one that is knowledgeable, strict and fair. They must be able to lead others, take care of monetary issues, and talk with different types of people. Nursing leaders must also have great people skills. This includes taking with fellow employees and overcoming language obstacles. An important example is conducting interview sessions with different types of people and being able to make conclusions on their personalities, as well as grading the individual based on their ethical values. A nursing leader should also be able to provide an enjoyable territory in a difficult environment. This can be completed by organizing and arranging everything from budget costs to special occasions. In this way, a nurse can have something to look forward to after they have finished taking care of their patient. The nursing leader can also help raise money to help those around them by hosting fundraisers. By advocating the study of nursing, a nursing leader can conserve the nurses and staff in the work environment. They can promote the career of nursing to the younger generation. For example, there have been recent articles discussing problems between the United States of America and Syria. If there is a possibility of a war, the United States must have many nurses to help with the crisis. Thus, promoting the nursing career is crucial because it will be very beneficial. One way this can be completed is by having the nursing manager step up as a role model to the younger generation. Another possibility is to publicize the career to those who are still studying in college with undeclared majors. Personal and Professional Beliefs of Nursing Nursing is a profession that concentrates on the desires of others and taking care of patients that need professional care. Nurses are believed to provide holistic care for the patients as it is the finest method to heal a patient quicker. Nurses deserve respect for the work they perform on a daily basis basis. Over the past few years, media have been demonstrating false illustration of nurses. The famous TV series known as Gray’s Anatomy is a perfect example of the misleading ideas about hardworking nurses. Even though its purpose is to entertain people, people take it seriously. As by the writer the best to contradict the declining rates of nurse turnover is to prove good leadership skills, people skills, financial skills, and quality care skills. Conclusion Over the past few years the number of nurse turnover has amplified. As we all know, nurses play an significant role in culture, physically mentally and financially in the United States as well as in other countries. Hospital and clinics are trying hard to hold onto their nurses because the number of nurses joining the medical field is declining. In order to convey more people to enter medical field, one must educate the rising students about the benefits about being a nurse and how they affect the society. Another technique is using advertisement to as way to encourage people to enter medical field. Using these strategy, it can help the medical field increase population of nurses. Reference Huber, D.L., (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, (4th ed.). W.B. Saunders, 092009, retrieved from http://www.gcu.edu Steven T. Hunt, (2009) Nursing Turnover: Costs, Causes, & Solutions, Success factors for Healthcare retrieved from www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/handouts/LHHS%20081312%20NursingTurnover.pdf View as multi-pages

The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail

The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail The Difference Between Extortion and Blackmail By Maeve Maddox Two legal terms similar in meaning are extortion and blackmail. Both involve the practice of getting money from victims with threats. Extortion comes from Latin extortionem, a twisting out. The crime involves obtaining something, usually money, from a person by force or wrongful use of authority or power. A former city of Miami police officer charged with extortion is accused of writing a false police report and protecting purportedly stolen property in exchange for payments, authorities said. The term blackmail originated in reference to the protection money demanded by clan chieftains from Scottish farmers in exchange for leaving them alone. The word has always conjured up the image in my mind of a black envelope containing a threat and a demand for money. In fact, the mail part of blackmail derives from Middle English male, rent, tribute. Old English mal meant lawsuit, terms, bargaining, agreement. The black of blackmail refers to association of the color black with evil. In modern usage blackmail differs from extortion in that the money or other valuable object or act is not extorted by threat of direct bodily harm, but by the threat of revealing something presumed to be injurious to the victim. A CBS News producer who blackmailed David Letterman for $2 million [about extra-marital affairs] is going away for six months This difference in meaning between blackmail and extortion obtains in American English, but in cruising the web to prepare this post, I discovered evidence that the original use of blackmail to mean extortion by threat of physical harm may still be current in British English: Blackmailer threatened to nail victims hand to floor: A BLOCK paver who threatened to nail a mans hand to the floor if he did not get the  £1,000 owed to him has been jailed for three years. A BLACKMAILER tried to extort  £40,000 from a businessman by threatening to kill him and dismember his body. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†January 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Second Great Awakening. essays

Second Great Awakening. essays In this chapter we learn about the Second Great Awakening, but more specifically, the impact it had on people, and the class of people it impacted the most. In our first excerpt, which is the only secondary source, we read from Paul E. Johnson who believes the second revival of religion in the Rochester area and economic change in the area were directly related. In the next sources, which are all primary now, we look at two maps of Western New York. One can observe the change in population density in the area. Once master and wage earner had different social worlds, the population of Rochester was no longer as condensed as it was once before. Source 3 is an essay from Alexis de Toqueville discussing the condition of Americans. Toqueville expresses his beliefs that while the working classes social conditions become equal they feel as though they are in control of their own destiny. Source 4 is an attack on the revivals which basically states the revival is a hoax and not beneficial t o those in lower class levels. Source 5 and 6 is a letter and verse in defense towards the revivals exuberating how wonderful they really are. Source 7 is a painting of African Americans supporting the revivals. Due to the facts that most, if not all were slaves at that time, they must have taken great salvation from the revivals. Source 8 is an excerpt from the Book of Mormon, which illustrates once sinners, had confessed to God, they will be forever redeemed and are free forever. However, the contrary, those who give their spirit to the devil, will have him reign over them in his own kingdom. Source 9 describes a young boys point of view in 1874, of working for a wealthy farmer and how it was always about work. There was never an emotional connection made between worker and employer as it once had been. Sources 10 described the working conditions of the journeymen. Source 11 showed how many people were in each class. The journeymen had 62.1% of the men, ...

Aryans and Dravidians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aryans and Dravidians - Essay Example This essay will discuss the history and culture of two of the most unique civilizations that inhabited the Indian continent, the Aryans and Dravidians. The term ‘Aryan’, according to the Indo-European philology, refers to an individual, recognized ethnically or racially, and the Aryan language, regardless of the ethnicity or race of the inhabitants speaking its different variants (Basham 1954). The Aryan civilization was a new beginning in the culture of India. Harappa was basically a blind alley; the Aryans borrowed almost nothing of the culture of the Harappan civilization (Basham 1954). They did not develop a writing system, built no states, and cities. Rather they were a hostile civilization that governs themselves in kinship, tribal, and individual units (Gottschalk 2000). Basically, the Aryans were a group of nomadic and tribal people inhabiting the remote part of Euro-Asia in unfriendly steppe territories hardly making a sufficient subsistence (Gottschalk 2000). They were undoubtedly a strong population, and they were brave and aggressive. Their religion is governed by a sky-god that commands combat and invasion (Gottschalk 2000). The culture of the Aryan civilization was concentrated around warfare. They were exceptional horseback riders and charged into combat in chariots (Knott 1998). They were ruled by a raja, or a war-chief. They started to move southwards in series of continuous invasion across Persia and India at some point in the second millennium B.C. (Knott 1998). The term ‘Dravidian’ is given to peoples of India related by language. They are claimed to be the earliest inhabitants of ancient India (Basham 1954). The population is mostly made up of the lower class Indian people. Particular groups of people comprise the Tamil, the Todas and the Ghats (Basham 1954). The culture of the Dravidian is quite diverse, with several

Sales management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Sales management - Essay Example The new recruits and the experienced team have to show a sense of compatibility to enhance increased sales. Firstly, sales training enhances familiarization of new products or services that are to be sold and hence it is necessary for both the new and experienced sales persons (Schwartz 2006). When a new product is brought to the market, sales training is the excellent way to reveal it and show its benefits to the sales persons and the other members of staff. It is also here in the sales training that the suggested strategies and plans for selling are unveiled. To add to that, the experienced sales persons have a chance to share with the new staff on the techniques they use to sell and the challenges they expect to face in the course of their selling activities. The experienced sales representatives have had a taste of the selling and marketing industry and thus they are familiar with the challenges and the techniques to use in order to succeed. Training programs should be quite motivating in content and ways of presentation. This kills boredom while improving the understanding and learni ng of what is being discussed (Peelen 2005). Sales training should be done with both the new and the experienced sales persons as it helps the experienced staff in refreshing their memory on what they had learnt. In sales training it is necessary to refresh our memory on regular basis so as to become professionals. During sales training the staff must take notes, ask questions and have a positive attitude in order to become a productive salesperson. At times the failure of success of an organization depends on the communication skills and the knowledge of the sales people. As a result regular training should be done to all the staff to enhance maximum productivity. For example, when bringing in a new product into the market, any organization ought to have made reliable training to the sales

Edvard Munch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Edvard Munch - Essay Example One of Munch's most widely recognized paintings is "The Scream". The painting depicts the fear and agony that Munch carried with him as he came to terms with the loss of his family through death and illness. The figure is seen haunted by the dark figures lurking in the past as he gapes in horror at the future ahead of him. The colors are dark and surreal which merge to form a vaguely recognizable landscape. As the colors swirl into the central theme of the canvas, they distort and twist the face of the subject. A tortured soul gripped with the fear of the impending apocalypse with nowhere to run. Munch pulls us into the horrifying world of loss and torment and in doing so we begin to hear "The Scream". "The Kiss", painted in 1897, comes from Munch's middle life and is a continuing theme of the love and women that populate his art. In "The Kiss", we see the image of lovers wrapped in embrace, alone and secure. The picture develops the figures as one body, faceless and without form as they meld into an inseparable image. Joined. yet isolated, they are serene as they are set away from the window and the outside world.

Critical Response Essay Example for Free

Critical Response Essay Advertisement can attract anyone that it wishes. In the essay, â€Å"What’s Natural about Our Natural Products?† by Sarah Federman, Sarah talks about how the words â€Å" nature â€Å" and â€Å" natural â€Å" are being used to sell more products and seem â€Å" healthy â€Å". She goes on to discuss how the word â€Å" natural â€Å" has turned into a marketing asset. Federman shows readers that food companies, uses these words to manipulate consumers to buy more of their products. It is a technique that’s used for products like Kraft Cheese to get sales to go up. It is known that Kraft sells Natural Shredded nonfat cheese, Natural Reduced fat swiss, and Natural cheese cubes. Federman writes, â€Å" Kraft has done nothing special with the cheese itself, â€Å" natural â€Å" in this case presumably relates to the shredding, reducing and cubing process† (442). Companies way of attracting on new audience. I agree with sarah’s argument about using ‘ natural â€Å" and â€Å" nature â€Å" just to sell products. Advertisers shouldn’t use these words because if you read the labels, its still man made ingredients in it. To Federman, natural means, â€Å" products or service any or all of the following a healthy alternative, an environmentally friendly product, vegetarians, and or produced without synthetic chemicals† (442). Companies can get away with calling their product natural ingredients. But mixed in these natural, there are unhealthy components like corn syrup, dicalcium, and trisodium phosphate. These oils aren’t healthy, but because of the media, everything with natural on it is automatically good for you. Federman makes a strong point about about how companies can say its â€Å" natural â€Å" but not even how a product is made is natural. she states, â€Å" I found nothing that explained the meaning of â€Å" naturally baked â€Å" , do you think this means they leave the chips out in the sun to crispen up? probably not, so why does this process cost more per ounce when it uses less fat? â€Å"(443). Companies never tell the full ingredients list nor tell you exactly how its made, so to call it  natural is false. The consumers want to be healthy and fit, so the cost wouldn’t bother them. It cost more for something that is less manufactured, but most of the time companies just say its natural just to make more money. This proves that society has an effect on people using it, we want it, but these aren’t good for us, and advertisers fool us into buying it. Federman stated all her thoughts about how companies put the word natural on any labels to attract the audience who thinks buying product that claim to be natural, to show them that you can’t always believe what you see. When reading Federman essay, it can feel like on lecture at time, but as you and some what sarcastic. When Federman states, â€Å" variations of the words â€Å" nature â€Å" and â€Å" natural â€Å" are used for product naming to distinguish alternative medicine practitioners from their western counterparts †¦ blue jeans â€Å" (441). it seem as if youre sitting in the lecture. She makes it seem as if she speaking as part of a group of people who against companies putting natural on the products. Federman expresses emotion for her topic throughout the essay without a demanding tone, but slightly funny. Gladly, her tone doesn’t affect her writing. Without the tone she gives off, the essay wouldn’t stand out, catch the readers attention. The tone makes sure it changes the thoughts of the readers. I use to buy products that said â€Å" all natural â€Å" or â€Å" nature â€Å" on it and spend all that money. Thinking if I buy those products, I will be living healthy. But, after reading Sarah Federman essay, I know now that the products I brought were lack of natural ingredients. The tactics that these advertisers are using, and the products that say natural is the same as the original. I agree with all of Sarah Federman claims, and i fully understand her thoughts and logic about â€Å" natural products â€Å". Works Cited Eschholz, Paul A., Alfred F. Rosa, and Virginia P. Clark. Language Awareness: Readings for College Writers. Print.

Bar Kochba Revolt :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Jewish revolt led by Bar Kochba in 132 AD was not the work of a single if a single radical revolutionary. It was the inevitable result of years of promises not kept to the Jews, and laws which suppressed the basis of Jews as a nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand the reason for Bar Kochba’s Revolt one must go back many years even before the war. Prior to Hadrian, an emperor by the name of Trajan was the ruler of the Roman empire. Due to the rebellion of the Jews in the Diaspora to the east and the west of them, Trajan, in order to keep the Jews in Palestine from rebelling he had to send a great general to be governor of the Jews in Palestine, a general who was well with the harshness in which he treated people. This general’s name was Tineius Rufus, he was the general that put down the uprising of the Jews in Parthia. Because of Rufus’ reputation of his severity to the Jews, he uprooted any thought of the Jews in Palestine to rebel against Rome at that time. The Jews did not want to rebel anyway. Trajan had promised the Jews that he would rebuild the asenv ,hc, the Jews assumed this also meant to rebuild Jerusalem. The Pagans in Palestine did not want the asenv ,hc to be rebuilt, they thought that if it was rebuilt it would be the rebirth of the Jewish nation. Also, in addition, Trajan, the Emperor who made this promise died and was succeeded by Hadrian. The Jews were unsure if Hadrian would keep the promise that Trajan once made. Hadrian wanted to go to Jerusalem to see what he was rebuilding before he started the construction. When Hadrian got there he was awed by the sight of a once desolate and fruitful city in ruins. He immediately wanted to start the reconstruction. However later the Jews were surprised and disappointed to discover that Hadrian wanted to rebuild Jerusalem not as a city for the Jews to restart in, but as a Pagan city sanctified to the Pagan G-d Jupiter. He was going to put an alter where the Jews asenv ,hc once stood. Hadrian was to be the high priest. What once was called Jerusalem would now be called Aelia Capitolina. This was a mockery to the Jews. The Jews waited sixty years from the destruction of the Second asenv ,hc for Rome to restore it to them. The Jews held themselves back from Rebelling with their neighboring Jews in Diaspora because they held onto, and believed that Trajan’s promise

Banning Cigarettes Essay -- essays research papers fc

Each year, the U.S. government passes numerous laws to protect its citizens. Yet, one perfectly legal product manages to seize over 400,000 American lives annually (American Lung Association, "American"). Despite the efforts of the U.S. government to protect its citizens, the government continues to ignore the single most preventable cause of premature deaths. The vicious culprit attributed to these deaths is the common cigarette. Death, however, is not the only transgression cigarettes are responsible for. Cigarettes pose a clear threat to the public, to the economy, and to the planet. Without a doubt, the government should ban cigarettes on account of the fact that they are harmful to the economy, to the body, and to the environment. The government should ban cigarettes because they hurt the economy. Essentially, cigarettes rob the economy of wealth. One area where cigarette smoking is costly is health care. Smokers often seek medical care because of the negative effects cigarettes have on the human body. As a result, the government spends a large amount of money treating medical illnesses that are, many times, preventable. In fact, "[s]moking costs the United States approximately $97.2 billion each year in health-care costs and lost productivity" (American Lung Association, "American"). Also, citizens must fund health care costs through tax dollars. A wiser and more productive utilization of tax dollars would be funding for schools. Despite...

Oedipus the King Essay

In the play written by Sophocles â€Å"Oedipus the King,† is depicted as one who is blind to his own ego, pride stubbornness, anger and lack of knowledge. First written in Greek mythology this play is about a King of Thebes whose ego overshadowed his ability to focus on his the necessary things to stabilize his kingdom; his anger and pride eventually led to his down fall. Having solved the riddle of the Sphinx, (an evil creature) King Oedipus was able to succeed as the new king of Thebes and became the new husband of the queen Jocaster, not knowing that she was his biological mother. Oedipus son of king Laius and Queen Jocaster was doomed from birth, fearing that their son Oedipus will take his father’s life Jocaster give him (Oedipus) to a herdsman to be killed, he was then given to another herds man in the fields In a twist of faith who then returned him to Corinth where he was adopted by King Polybus and his wife Queen Merope, who raised him as their own. It would seem the gods will have their fun day with Oedipus. Blinded by ego as a king Oedipus seeks only to please his people, his city and himself. Plagued with sufferings throughout his kingdom in which famines, diseases animals becoming extinct, and the women who were stricken with bareness were becoming a desaster. With no end to their sufferings the people of Thebes turned to the king for guidance and to help appease their discomfort. Obligated to his people, his city, and himself the king in his search for answers, summons Creon his brother in law and uncle to provide him advice from the wise council of the Oracle in Delphi. Creon learns from the oracle that the kingdom was plagued by a series of unfortunate events and revealed it to the King. According to Creon the plague in the land must be driven out by bringing the murderer of the previous king to justice. â€Å"I will tell you, then, what I heard from the God. King Phoebus in plain words commanded us to drive out a pollution from our land, pollution grown ingrained within the land; drive it out, said the God, not cherish it. † (Sophocles 105-110). The plague was as a result of the murder of King Laius (Oedipus’s biological father) whose killer was never found and brought to justice. Oedipus felt it was his duty to find the killer and have justice served. Not satisfied with the answers he had gotten from Creon, Oedipus sent out for Tiresias a prophet. â€Å"Tiresias you are well versed in everything, things teachable and things not to be spoken, things of Heaven and Earth – creeping things. You have no eyes but in your mind you know with what plaque our city is afflicted. †(Sophocles 315-320). Again Oedipus’s ego drives him to pursue answers to which the end result will only destroy himself; the gods must be laughing now. Oedipus points out the fact that Tiresias is blind, but he fails to see that he himself is blind to the events taking place within his kingdom. Oedipus acknowledges that although Tiresias is physically blind he has discerning capabilities that allow him to see what others cannot, moreover he knows of the plaque in the city. It is Oedipus’s pride that compels him to seek the truth in order to bring freedom to the people of Thebes in hope of gaining more power from them. As Tiresias became hesitant and refuses to speak what he knows Oedipus became angry. There is no fairer duty than helping those in distress. † (C & B 301-302). Oedipus made this remark because he wants to be the savior of the city, the man who will bring it out of distress and misery. He sees Tiresias as hard headed individual and a man with no feelings; making reference to his eyes being cold (C & B lines 307-308). Oedipus continues to accuse Tiresias of his faults, finally! Tiresias decides to speak the truth behind Oedipus’s own blindness to which he is blind and thus cannot see the nature of his own wrong doings (C & B Lines 324). Tiresias revealed that Oedipus himself was the pollutant of the land because he (Oedipus) is the murderer of King Laius. It would seem the gods got their wishes in spite of Oedipus unknowingly killed his biological father. Oedipus stated,† it has but not for you; it has no strength for you, because you are blind in mind and ears as well as in your eyes. †(Sophocles 400-410). Oedipus refuses to believe Tiresias words and continues to provoke him, exclaiming: â€Å"your life is one long night so that you cannot hurt me or any other who sees light,† (Sophocles 410-420) although it is he Oedipus who cannot see the light. The irony here is supported by the metaphor of knowledge as vision. Tiresias though being sightless discerns the truth through wisdom, while Oedipus is essentially in a sense, blinded by his anger and cannot see the truth. Oedipus secret of killing his father is no longer remaining unknown for the Shepard, and Tiresias know of Oedipus hidden past. Blinded by lack of knowledge towards his past he accused his brother in law Creon of treason and plot to destroy he (Oedipus) an argument between Oedipus and Creon lures Jocasta towards Oedipus in which she tries to calm him down. Jocasta goes on to say that the oracle cannot be trusted. Throughout the story of her former husband death, she mentioned he died on the three way crossroads just before Oedipus arrive to Thebes. After Jocasta has mentioned how Laius died, Oedipus realized that he may be the one who murdered Laius (his father). Hoping that he is not identified as Laius’s murder, Oedipus sends for the shepherd that survives the attack. As he Oedipus finds out the truth about himself, his past, his biological father and mother his physical and spiritual eyes became opened. In his conviction as well as guilt he then blinded himself, the irony here, is just when he saw the light, he took his own sight, â€Å"what use are my eyes if I cannot see? † Oedipus was blind towards the past, not knowing his real parents, the present, putting pride ego and anger before rationalization, and the future, physically taking his own sight away by blinding himself. The play begins with the praise and love for a king, Oedipus is praised at the beginning of the play and is looked up to by the people, Tereisais refuses to speak the truth and Oedipus refuses to see the truth. Finally Oedipus went from being a blind man with seeing eyes to a man with sight, but his real eyes destroyed. This hero fell because his pride and ego made him blind to the truth that was right before his eyes. The gods got what they desired did they desire more?

ww1 essays

ww1 essays During World War I, countries used technology to help them become more powerful and stronger against the enemies. Unlike the days where spears and sticks were used, the Industrial Revolution allowed the new technologies to make new weapons and upgrades for old weapons more deadly and more powerful. The automatic machinegun was one of these deadly weapons used to kill many invading armies at once. From this new weapon and many others, the world changed for the worse. Not only did countries now have possession to take over cities and towns, the first-world powers were able to knock out countries without much work needed. A poison gas is one of these inventions that could knock out any person since it attacked in random directions depending on the winds. Both Allied and Ententes obtained and used these weapons for chemical warfare. Even with these new inventions, the newest and one of the most devastating was the aircraft. Planes brought a new outlook to the battlefield as bombs could be dropped and machine gun fire could be used in air combat. Countries without possession of airplanes were at a disadvantage; thus, only those with enough money to build these powerful innovations had a chance to defeating their enemy. Germany invented a U-boat for the sea; as a result, heavy battle could be fought in land, air, and water. With all these inventions and the coming of the Atomic Bomb, the world would never be the same and the battlefield would be changed forever. ...

Sophie Germain - Pioneer Woman in Mathematics

Sophie Germain - Pioneer Woman in Mathematics Sophie Germaine dedicated herself early to becoming a mathematician, despite family obstacles and lack of precedent. The French Academy of Sciences awarded her a prize for a paper on the patterns produced by vibration. This work was foundational to the applied mathematics used in construction of skyscrapers today, and was important at the time to the new field of mathematical physics, especially to the study of acoustics and elasticity. Known for:First woman not related to a member by marriage to attend Academie des Sciences meetingsFirst woman invited to attend sessions at the Institut de FranceDates: April 1, 1776 - June 27, 1831Occupation: mathematician, number theorist, mathematical physicistAlso Known as: Marie-Sophie Germain, Sophia Germain, Sophie Germaine About Sophie Germain Sophie Germains father was Ambroise-Francois Germain, a wealthy middle class silk merchant and a French politician who served in the Estates Gà ©nà ©ral and later in the Constituent Assembly. He later became a director of the Bank of France. Her mother was Marie-Madeleine Gruguelu, and her sisters, one older and one younger, were named Marie-Madeleine and Angelique-Ambroise. She was known simply as Sophie to avoid confusion with all the Maries in the household. When Sophie Germain was 13, her parents kept her isolated from the turmoil of the French Revolution by keeping her in the house. She fought boredom by reading from her fathers extensive library. She may also have had private tutors during this time. Discovering Mathematics A story told of those years is that Sophie Germain read the story of Archimedes of Syracuse who was reading geometry as he was killed- and she decided to commit her life to a subject that could so absorb ones attention. After discovering geometry, Sophie Germain taught herself mathematics, and also Latin and Greek so that she could read the classical mathematics texts. Her parents opposed her study and tried to stop it, so she studied at night. They took away candles and forbid nighttime fires, even taking her clothes away, all so that she could not read at night. Her response: she smuggled candles, she wrapped herself in her bedclothes. She still found ways to study. Finally the family gave in to her mathematical study. University Study In the eighteenth century in France, a woman was not normally accepted in universities. But the École Polytechnique, where exciting research on mathematics was happening, allowed Sophie Germain to borrow the lecture notes of the universitys professors. She followed a common practice of sending comments to professors, sometimes including original notes on mathematics problems as well. But unlike male students, she used a pseudonym, M. le Blanc- hiding behind a male pseudonym as many women have done to have their ideas taken seriously. Mathematician Beginning this way, Sophie Germain corresponded with many mathematicians and M. le Blanc began to have an impact in turn on them. Two of these mathematicians stand out: Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who soon discovered that le Blanc was a woman and continued the correspondence anyway, and Carl Friedrich Gauss of Germany, who eventually also discovered that hed been exchanging ideas with a woman for three years. Before 1808 Germain mainly worked in number theory. Then she became interested in Chladni figures, patterns produced by vibration. She anonymously entered a paper on the problem into a contest sponsored by the French Academy of Sciences in 1811, and it was the only such paper submitted. The judges found errors, extended the deadline, and she was finally awarded the prize on January 8, 1816. She did not attend the ceremony, though, for fear of the scandal that might result. This work was foundational to the applied mathematics used in construction of skyscrapers today, and was important at the time to the new field of mathematical physics, especially to the study of acoustics and elasticity. In her work on number theory, Sophie Germain made partial progress on a proof of Fermats Last Theorem. For prime exponents less than 100, she showed there could be no solutions relatively prime to the exponent. Acceptance Accepted now into the community of scientists, Sophie Germain was allowed to attend sessions at the Institut de France, the first woman with this privilege. She continued her solo work and her correspondence until she died in 1831 of breast cancer. Carl Friedrich Gauss had lobbied to have an honorary doctorate awarded to Sophie Germain by Gà ¶ttingen University, but she died before it could be awarded. Legacy A school in Paris- LÉcole Sophie Germain- and a street- la rue Germain- honor her memory in Paris today. Certain prime numbers are called Sophie Germain primes. Print Bibliography Bucciarelli, Louis L., and Nancy Dworsky. Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity. 1980.Dalmà ©dico, Amy D. Sophie Germain, Scientific American 265: 116-122. 1991.Laubenbacher, Reinhard and David Pengelley. Mathematical Expeditions: Chronicles by the Explorers. 1998.Sophie Germains story is told as part of the story of Fermats Last Theorem, one of five major themes in this volumeOsen, Lynn M. Women in Mathematics. 1975.Perl, Teri, and Analee Nunan. Women and Numbers: Lives of Women Mathematicians Plus Discovery Activities. 1993.